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Control of Transient Induced Contaminant Leakage and Infiltration by Implementation of Air Valve
Pressure transients wreak very extensive damages to water and wastewater transmission systems. Until recent years, most of the concern related to pressure transient damages was focused on the obvious extreme events of pipe burst or collapse that result in major spills or flooding. But, there are many damages, far more widespread and often more dangerous, that are less obvious and attract less attention. Pressure transients cause cracks and unseen small breaks in buried pipelines, pipe fittings and accessories.
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Reduction of Damage and Hindrance to Wastewater Transmission Systems Caused by Air Pockets by Deployment of Air Valves
Recent research studies and surveys have shown that air pockets in wastewater transmission systems cause extensive damage and hindrance. Air pockets decrease flow capacity, they induce significant head losses and energy losses, they prompt serious corrosion, and they can trigger and/or enhance pressure surges. In the advent of concern for energy conservation, more and more research is invested in studying the effect of air pockets on flow efficiency and energy consumption. Conclusions are that air pockets have a very significant impact on these, especially in wastewater force mains.
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Reduction of Apparent Losses Using the UFR (Unmeasured-Flow Reducer) – Case Studies
The demand for water is increasing due to population growth and technological development whereas water is becoming a scarce resource. There is an urgent need to find innovative solutions for water loss in water supply systems.
